Growth and properties of tungsten-bronze ferroelectric potassium lithium niobate single crystals

Potassium lithium niobate (KLN) single crystals were grown from a melt with potassium and lithium enriched composition using the rf-heating Czochralski technique. The growth and electric poling conditions were discussed. The transparent crystal was pale-yellow with an absorption edge at 376 nm, and showed a very small optical absorption in the 420-900 nm region. The electrooptic and nonlinear optic coefficients were measured. The deviation of composition in the crystals was investigated by measuring the change of the temperature and phase matching angle of the harmonic generation.