Analytical Electromagnetic Modeling and Experimental Validation of Vehicle Horn Considering Skin Effect in Its Solid Cores

This paper presents an analytical modeling of axisymmetric vehicle horn, considering its skin effect in solid cores, based on coupled electromagnetic circuit. The vehicle horns usually use the solid cores for mass production and cost reduction. Such cores, however, induce high eddy current loss and low inductance when exposed to a time-varying magnetic field. The high eddy current loss and low inductance eventually make it difficult to estimate the performance of the vehicle horn and figure out which design variables have a positive or negative effect on it. Thus, the coupled circuit reflects not only the skin effect of the electromagnetic fields, which travel in the conductive media, but also their nonlinear magnetization curves. The concept “coupled” was introduced to calculate the magnetic flux and the back electro-motive force by determining the magnetizing current in the electric circuit and the reluctance in the magnetic circuit. Furthermore, the analytical approaches to the equivalent iron loss resistance and the inductance were also investigated. Finally, a prototype was manufactured, experimented, and compared with finite-element analysis data to validate the aforementioned method.