Time-Domain Analysis of Frequency-Dependent Electrical Parameters of Soil

The analysis of the impact of the frequency dependence of electrical parameters of soil on the lightning response of electrical systems has often been based on frequency-domain approaches. In this paper, a causal time-domain field formulation including the frequency dependence of soil parameters is proposed. The consistency of the developed formulation is proved considering a canonical electromagnetic problem and also comparisons with experimental results. The proposed formulation is useful for application of techniques such as the finite-difference time-domain method in problems involving dispersive soils.