High-Voltage Integrated Circuits: History, State of the Art, and Future Prospects

High-voltage ICs (HVICs) are used in many applications, including ac/dc conversion, off-line LED lighting, and gate drivers for power modules. This paper describes the technologies most commonly used in commercial HVICs, including junction-isolation, thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and thick SOI approaches. Emerging technologies such as thin silicon membrane are also discussed.