Geographic and Opportunistic Clustering for Underwater WSNs

In this paper, we propose Geographic and Opportunistic Clustering (GOC) protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. GOC is an improved version of Geographic and Opportunistic Routing for UWSNs (GEDAR). GOC uses a hybrid system in which the recovery algorithm of GEDAR is implemented alongside the clustering approach depending on the neighbor list of the void node. Similar to the architecture of GEDAR, GOC comprises of a swarm architecture in which multiple sonobuoys reside on surface of water. Nodes are capable of moving with a velocity of v = 2.4 /min at an energy cost of E = 1500 mJ/m. Improving the packet delivery ratio is GOC's achieved parameter. However, energy consumption and delay are compromised due to formation of clusters and association of nodes with the cluster head.