The future of brain-computer interfacing (keynote paper)

In this paper we survey some early applications and research on brain-computer interfacing. We emphasize and revalue the role the views on artistic and playful applications have played. In previous years various road maps for BCI research appeared. The interest in medical applications has guided BCI research, has led to necessary and useful research results, but also has led to some narrow-mindedness of choosing challenges in research. New challenges are now coming from applications that were already proposed decades ago, but didn't get attention because they focused on playfulness and `regular' users rather than on efficiency of applications and disabled users.