Hierarchical optimization framework for demand dispatch in building-grid systems

This paper develops a hierarchical framework required to solve optimal demand dispatch of multiple buildings coordinating building energy management systems (BEMSs) and distribution system operation (DSO) control center. The proposed framework consists of mathematical model of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) load in buildings, model of distribution grid, objectives of BEMSs and DSO, operational requirements at building and grid levels, and a coordination algorithm. Usefulness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through HVAC loads in 27 commercial buildings connected to the IEEE 13-node test feeder. In the study, the objectives of the BEMSs and DSO are set to minimize the energy costs in dynamic pricing and power losses in distribution network, respectively. Results demonstrate that coordinated demand dispatch process honors objectives and operational constraints set by both entities, i.e., BEMSs and DSO, and benefits both entities involved in the demand dispatch process.