Low-cost multi-objective optimization of antennas using Pareto front exploration and response features

In the paper, a procedure for low-cost multi-objective optimization of antenna structures is presented. Our approach is based on exploration of the Pareto front representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives, here, the structure size and its electrical performance. Starting from the design representing the best in-band reflection level, subsequent Pareto-optimal designs are identified through local constrained optimization aimed at reducing the structure size while maintaining the prescribed thresholds concerning the reflection response. For the sake of computational efficiency, variable-fidelity EM simulation models and feature-based optimization algorithm is utilized. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a compact UWB monopole antenna.