The optimum conditions of radio sounding of ionosphere for detecting and monitoring of explosions

To determine the optimum conditions of radio sounding of the ionosphere for the remote monitoring of an explosion it is necessary to work out the "adequate for experiment" model of acoustic wave propagation from Earth's surface to ionosphere heights, then, the interaction of the acoustic waves with the ionosphere, and to determine the variations of the Doppler shift of the radio wave. Such a model has been worked out at the Institute of Ionosphere. The model has been tested using acoustic and Doppler shift measurements during the Mill Race experiment (surface chemical explosion, power about 500 tons TNT, U.S.A., 1981).