A review of passive forensic techniques for detection of copy-move attacks on digital videos

In recent times, the ease in availability and usability of digital video editing tools has become a major challenge to video forensic experts, to accurately authenticate any suspected digital video content. Besides, the wide range and rapid advancement in the field of such editing tools and improvements in anti-forensic techniques has enabled any naïve user to edit, alter, and modify any digital video with minimal traces/footprints. Recent surveys in the field of digital video forensics highlight the need of research in this field. The requirement of authenticating the integrity of the contents of digital videos ranges from an individual to organizations, defense and security setups to law enforcement agencies. Further to it, the need to explore newer and more effective Passive (or Blind) video forgery detection approaches is gaining importance day by day. This is attributable to the fact that digital videos are accepted as evidences in most of the countries and real life cases involving tampered digital videos, more often than not, rarely get supplemented by any other reference information besides the suspected video. This paper aims at highlighting the challenges and brings out opportunities in the field of Passive or Blind digital video forensics, focusing on spatio-temporal or copy-move attacks on digital videos, by reviewing the existing literature and research work in this field.