Equivalent resistance approach to optimization, analysis and comparison of hybrid/resonant switched-capacitor converters

This work develops a generalized output impedance model for switched-capacitor (SC) and hybrid-resonant switched-capacitor dc-dc converters that is scalable across conversion ratios and frequencies. This model builds on previous analytical treatments of SC and ReSC converters, but is expanded to derive optimizations that include both conduction and switching loss and help distinguish the regimes in which the hybrid approach is favorable when including the additional losses and volumetric overhead of the inductor. Importantly, the models also consider an expanded set of possible operating modes that span continuous and discontinuous conduction in addition to nominal resonant operation. Across the range of operation, the output impedance (R
_eff
) for hybrid/resonant operation is shown to have a qualitative similarity to the SC case, except an improvement by the quality factor of the resonant loop in a given phase.