Damping representation for power system stability studies

The paper includes a review and summary of the actual damping in electric power systems and the methods for modeling such damping in the various computer programs used to study power system stability. It is concluded that great care is required in both software development and program application to avoid serious errors in the study of power system stability. Judgment is often required for reasonable modeling of damping. Recommendations are provided to guide the power system stability practitioner, and research activities are recommended.