Design and development of infrared LED based non invasive blood glucometer

Diabetes affects more than 285 million people globally according to estimates by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). It is a metabolic pathological condition of concern, which affects vital organs of body if not diagnosed and treated on time. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is important to avoid further complication. Commonly used glucose measurement methods are invasive which generally involve finger puncturing. These methods are painful and frequent pricking cause calluses on the skin. It also has a risk of spreading infectious diseases if the needle is contaminated or used more than once. Therefore there is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system which can measure blood glucose continuously without posing much problem and easy to use for the diabetic population. In this paper, near infrared optical measurement is applied to overcome the invasive method drawbacks like frequent puncturing, high recurring consumable cost and danger of spreading infectious diseases. The designed device consists of an infrared LED having a wavelength of 900 to 1100 nm as emitter which placed over the fingertip for measurement of blood glucose optically. The intensity of received light depends on the glucose concentration present in blood. The signal is then amplified and fed as input to microcontroller Arduino uno for displaying glucose signal on a computer after carrying out Regression analysis. By analyzing the variation in voltages received after reflection of incident light in the cases the approximate glucose level of the individual is going to be predicted. A compact framework for non-invasive blood glucose measurement has been designed and tested successfully. The results obtained were validated by using various statistical techniques like standard deviation, standard error, percentage linearity etc. It is found that statistical analysis gives correlation coefficient of 0.93. The result obtained shows that voltage intensity level due to pulsatile nature of blood flow and blood glucose level has correlation.