The optical design analyses of an eye-safe micro-pulsed lidar (laser-radar) design

In new lidar designs where unattended automation is desired, eye-safety requirements ultimately constrain the FOV to very small values. This is due to the fact that the output energy per pulse is set low (in the micro-joules range) to stay within the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) maximum permissible exposure eye-safety levels. Thus its name, micro-pulsed lidar (MPL).