Immediate Neighborhood Temperature Adaptive Routing for Dynamically Throttled 3-D Networks-on-Chip

In this brief, we present the immediate neighborhood temperature (INT) routing algorithm, which balances thermal profiles across dynamically throttled 3-D networks-on-chip by adaptively routing interconnect traffic based on runtime temperature monitoring. INT avoids the overheads of system-wide temperature monitoring by relying on the heat transfer characteristics of 3-D integrated circuits that enable temperature information from routers in the immediate neighborhood to guide adaptive routing decisions. Experimental results indicate that INT yields balanced thermal profiles with up to 25% lower gradients than competing schemes and shortens communication latency by decreasing average network congestion by up to 50%, with negligible overheads.