A pilot symbol assisted compensation scheme of fading and frequency offset for 16QAM

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) has been proposed to compensate the distortion of the transmission lines. It is mainly targeted at fading such as Rayleigh and Rician. In one of the PSAM techniques, the compensation scheme using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) has characteristics including a simple zero insertion and precise estimation even in fast fading environments. We use this scheme to create a PSAM that compensates fading and carrier frequency offset. This proposed scheme estimates the fading and frequency offset from the received pilot symbols and compensates both of them at the same time. The scheme is introduced, and the examples of applying this to 16QAM are given through computer simulations.