EM interactions between handheld antennas and human: anatomical head vs. multi-layered spherical head

It has been widely acknowledged that comprehensive understanding of EM interactions between human and personal communications antennas is essential for modern handheld antenna design. Results using the FDTD method for the spherical head are compared with those using the eigenfunction expansion method. Also, the near- and far-field patterns of a half-wave antenna with the anatomical head are compared with those of the spherical head. We show that the results obtained with the spherical head can provide useful estimates for various antenna design purposes. Finally, we present engineering design data obtained with a six-layered spherical head. We mainly focus on 900 MHz results.