Measuring dielectric properties of biological cells as a function of temperature

The interaction of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) with biological cells is intrinsically electrical and depends upon the electric properties of the treated cells and surrounding medium. The authors have attempted to use method of dielectric spectroscopy to measure the reflected signal in the frequency domain to enable measurement of cell membrane permittivity at different temperatures to extract the properties of individual cells and their components using single and double shell models.