Grain size and porosity dependence of titanium dioxide nano-paste on sintering temperature for gas sensing application

If the material is being sintered, grain size of its particles will depend on the sintering temperature, time of the sintering and the pressure applied on the material while sintering. It is well known that on the lower sintering temperatures grain size of the nano material is relatively small and thus the active area is large. Due to the low sintering temperature, high material porosity is expected as well. With a decrease of grain size, gas sensitive materials have larger selectivity, higher sensitivity, sensor response increases steeply and they are more immune to poisoning. The core of the investigation is to observe the influence of sintering temperature on grain size of the TiO
₂
nano-paste and to determine its reflection on the material porosity. For the realization of gas sensors using Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) or High Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (HTCC) technology, specimens have to be sintered at relatively high temperatures. For the first interaction, custom-designed TiO
₂
nano-paste has been deposited on a sintered alumina (Al
₂
O
₃
) substrates using screen printing. Specimens have been sintered at peak temperatures in a range of 800 °C - 1500 °C for 30 minutes and afterwards they have been characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy EDS.