Exploring the citizen-driven response to crisis in cyberspace, risk and the need for resilience

This paper aims to contextualize the citizen-driven response to crisis in cyberspace, the risks they experience and the relationship with resilience. First, discussion will identify the four types of digital response networks (affected communities, diaspora, digital humanitarians and digital activists) and introduce Digital Humanitarian Activist Networks (DHANs). Second, Bronfennbrenners ecological systems theory is used to contextualize risk through three risk typologies: regional, network, and individual risk. Third, the suitability of organizational resilience is explained for this context, and the need to rethink existing theory is discussed.