Analysis of microstrip antennas with complex and anisotropic substrate by a hybrid FEM/BEM approach

In this paper, a hybrid formulation based on the finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) is presented for numerical analysis of the electromagnetic (EM) radiation and scattering from cavity-backed microstrip patch antennas. The cavity is recessed in a ground plane and may have arbitrary shape and contain inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and lossy dielectric materials. The formulation has been implemented using edge elements and the computer program has been tested by a number of numerical examples, proven to be valid and robust.