Array calibration in the presence of unknown sensor characteristics and mutual coupling

In this paper, a method that is capable of handling simultaneously gain, phase and location as well as mutual coupling uncertainties is proposed for calibrating a planar array of general geometry. The proposed technique assumes that the array gain and phase errors are non-directional and that three time-disjoint pilot sources are available. The efficiency and the potential benefits of the proposed pilot calibration method are illustrated by a number of representative examples.