Target prescreening based on a quadratic gamma discriminator

This work presents the development, analysis and validation of a new target discrimination module for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery based on an extension of gamma functions to 2-D. Using the two parameter constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) stencil as a prototype, a new stencil based on 2-D gamma functions is used to estimate the intensity of the pixel under test and its surroundings. A quadratic discriminant function is created from these estimates, which is optimally adapted with least squares in a training set of representative clutter and target chips. This discriminator is called the quadratic gamma discriminator (QGD). The combination of the CFAR and the QGD was tested in realistic SAR environments and the results show a large improvement of the false alarm rate with respect to the two-parameter CFAR, both with high resolution (1 ft) fully polarimetric SAR and with one polarization, 1 m SAR data.