Analysis of the reference coordinate system used in the EKF-based SLAM

In this paper we analyze the differences in the EKF-SLAM frameworks that are constructed using different coordinate system. First, we derive the EKF equations in the world coordinate system through modification of the EKF equations in the robot coordinate system. When the reference coordinate system is changed, the equations change due to its nonlinear behavior. We identify four EKF-SLAM frameworks, and then we demonstrate that any framework can be used in EKF-SLAM by simulation and real-life experiments.