Dynamic beacon based and load balanced geo routing in MANETs

Dynamic topology changes are one of the characteristics of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) where nodes move very frequently. Among ad-hoc routing protocols, Geographic routing protocols have drawn a lot of attentions in recent years due to its forwarding decision based only on local topology. Periodic broadcasting of beacon packets is a widely used method to maintain neighbor locations; but it is not impressive with respect to both routing performance and location update cost due to its periodic nature. Load unbalance is another issue which hampers the routing performance. Existing well known geographic protocol, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is modified as LB-DB-GPSR(Load Balanced-Dynamic Beaconing GPSR), to adapt beaconing with respect to node mobility and traffic patterns in the network as well as to achieve a better Load balancing in the network. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can significantly improve the routing performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and congestion control.