Long-Range High Spatial Resolution Distributed Temperature and Strain Sensing Based on Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry

A novel approach to realize long-range distributed temperature and strain measurement with high spatial resolution, as well as high temperature and strain resolution, is proposed based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR). To maintain the high measurement resolution and accuracy while increasing the sensing length, an optimized nonlinearity compensation algorithm is implemented to ensure a large wavelength tuning range. The compensated OFDR trace exhibits improved sensing resolution at a short distance, and the spatial resolution gradually deteriorates at the far end due to accumulated phase noise induced by fast tuning of the laser wavelength. We demonstrated the spatial resolution of 0.3 mm over a single-mode fiber sensing length of over 300 m, and temperature and strain resolution of 0.7
$^{\circ}\hbox{C}$
and 2.3
$\mu\varepsilon$
with spatial resolution of up to 7 cm, respectively.