Propagation models used in wireless communications system design

Various propagation models exist in the open literature. These models are basically divided into two distinct classes namely deterministic and stochastic. The deterministic model corresponds to a deterministic description of the environment that causes path loss and multipath effects, and it is very useful when multipath is caused by a small number of paths that can be accurately characterized. The stochastic model corresponds to a statistical model of the environment and it is most appropriate when the multipath effects are caused by a large number of paths between transmitter and receiver that would be impossible to characterize in a deterministic way. This paper deals with various propagation models and studies their application to wireless communications system design. The advantages and disadvantages of each model is given where applicable. An overview of the circumstances governing propagation prediction modelling is presented in light of path loss and multipath effects.