Low driving power push-pull modulator for multi-wavelength modulation and 4×4 switch using silicon microring resonator loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers by thermo-optic effect

We experimentally demonstrate the low-driving power/voltage characteristics of a cascaded push-pull microring Mach-Zehnder modulator (MRR MZM) for multiple-wavelength modulation and a 4 ×4 switch using silicon microring loaded MZ interferometers driven by thermo-optic effect. The driving voltage is reduced up-to 1/3 in the MZM and power up-to 1/2 in the switch.