Forwarding methods in data dissemination and routing protocols for vehicular Ad Hoc networks

Intermittent connectivity, abrupt changes in network topology and low reception rate are the most important properties that distinguish VANET (vehicular ad hoc networks) from other types of ad hoc networks. To optimize reliability and time criticality metrics in data communication protocols for VANET, novel ideas are needed. In this article, we present a tutorial on methods (at the network layer), encountered in recent literature, for small and large scale routing protocols, and geocasting (broadcasting, data dissemination, and warning delivery) protocols.