Direct determination of a bond graph in the frequency domain with linearly dependent state variables

A bond graph model of a physical system to obtain the frequency response is presented. This proposed bond graph has a derivative causality assignment and additional dissipation elements. Also, the bond graph model can have storage elements in integral and derivative causality, i.e. the state variables can be linearly independent or linearly dependent. The methodology to obtain the frequency response is applied to a passive suspension of a car and an electrical transformer modelled by bond graphs. Finally, this paper can be used to know the frequency response properties, for example high or low frequencies, of a system in a direct way.