A study of a land mobile satellite channel model with asymmetrical Doppler power spectrum and lognormally distributed line-of-sight component

In satellite to mobile communications, there is generally, in addition to the diffuse multipath component, a strong line-of-sight (LOS) component present. The spectral and statistical properties of both components are influenced by shadowing caused by obstacles such as trees, houses, or small buildings. In this paper, an analytical model for a land mobile satellite channel is analyzed that takes into consideration various kinds of shadowing situations. For the LOS component, it is assumed that, first, the received frequency shows a Doppler shift. Second, the amplitude variations coincide with a lognormal distribution. Moreover, it is also assumed that shadowing influences the diffuse scattered component, with the consequence that its Doppler power spectrum gets an asymmetrical shape. The resulting spectral and statistical properties of the analytical model are investigated. Exact solutions for the probability density function (pdf) of the amplitude and phase are given, and approximative solutions for the level-crossing rate (LCR) and average duration of fades (ADFs) are derived. Finally, an efficient deterministic simulation model is presented that enables the implementation of the proposed analytical model on a digital computer.