Automatic and continuous offset compensation of MOS operational amplifiers using floating-gate transistors

This paper presents a new approach that exploits floating-gate MOS transistors and a feedback control loop to automatically compensate the offset of MOS operational amplifiers in a continuous manner that substantially improves the state of the art in the field. The proposed method can be repeatedly used to compensate the effects of environmental and device modifications, while the possibility to accurately program an arbitrary value of the offset can be exploited to realize high performance and/or programmable comparators and A/D converters.