Outsourcing decisions and environmental sustainability

Grossman and Helpman [1] indicated in their article that “we live in an age of outsourcing”. However, globalization also increases the distance between cause and effect while it shrinks the world [2]. Therefore, lengthy supply chains, unseen pollution externalities and related global market complexities sever both producers and consumers from negative ecological feedback. The objective of this paper is to review the impacts of the outsourcing of manufacturing on environmental sustainability. In other words, this review paper presents the current state-of-art and the potential research methods in the intersection of outsourcing and environmental sustainability.