Improvement of average delay performance in packet network by introducing intermediate nodes

Large propagation delay and probability of packet loss associated with the large scale network reduce the throughput for automatic repeat-request (ARQ) protocol. The throughput of the ARQ protocol falls rapidly with increasing error (packet loss) probability. The network propagation delay aggravates this problem. This paper discusses the improvement of performance in average delay and throughput by introducing intermediate nodes (IN). First, it analyzes the average delay and throughput, under the condition that some nodes has the capabilities to terminate and relay protocol (intermediate node). Second, it obtain the optimum number and allocation of INs, based on the average delay.