Closed loop heart beat interval modelization in humans using mean blood pressure, instantaneous lung volume and muscle sympathetic nerve activity

Considering a closed loop model of the cardiovascular system, the authors develop accurate multi-input linear and nonlinear approaches for estimation of the heart beat interval time series using mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), instantaneous lung volume (ILV) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). The nonlinear model proved to be more adequate compared to the linear one, with respiration being the most nonlinear component of the system.