The relation of management to perceived role performance for professionals

Two empirical studies of 95 research scientists and 155 university professors indicate that professionals in formal organizations perceive themselves at higher levels of role performance in the presence of the organic system of management set forth by Burns and Stalker in their research of the English and Scottish electronics industries in the 1950's. The findings suggest that managers should adopt the organic system with a view toward eliciting higher levels of actual role performance from the professionals in their organizations.