Facilities for the supply of kilowatts and kilovars

IN determining a system's capacity requirements for supplying the electric load — kilowatts and kilovars under all conditions of operation throughout the year — a comprehensive capacity and load study is necessary. This was particularly emphasized by two operating experiences on the system of the Public Service Electric and Gas Company. The first episode was a system voltage disturbance which occurred on October 30, 1938, and the second a system shutdown which occurred as a result of a 132-kv bus fault at Roseland switching station on July 11, 1940. Investigations of these operations introduced the following subjects for consideration: 1. The proper kilowatt and kilovar loading of individual generators, considering their economy, thermal, and stability characteristics. 2. The amount and distribution of various forms of kilovar capacity throughout the system. 3. Certain improvements in system protection, particularly with respect to more rapid fault removal and the maintenance of adequate backup protection. 4. Installation of certain tap-changing-under-load equipment to maintain bus voltages within certain limits and to make all generator kilovar capacity available to the system at all times. 5. And finally a more thorough analysis of the kilowatt and kilovar loads on the system.