Frequency reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna: Design, optimization, and measurements

This paper presents the design of a frequency reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna using particle swarm optimization. Ideal switches are used to demonstrate proof of concept of frequency reconfigurability. Utilizing an appropriate fitness function, an optimized design which works in the frequency range from 2GHz to 3.25GHz (53% total bandwidth) is obtained. A prototype of the design is developed and measurements are performed.