The impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable power penetration into distribution systems

Small renewable distributed generation and plug-in electric cars are new trends on distribution networks which are increasing due to the necessity of providing an increasing amount of energy to match demand in a sustainable way and decrease oil dependence in transportation sector. Those new technologies are related because PEV increasing would facilitate renewable power penetration in distribution systems, leading to better operational conditions including voltage levels improvement, less power losses and the possibility to operate the grid in stand-alone mode. These aspects are investigated in this paper, considering the existence of wind and tidal power generation units and some situations are presented to show the system's operation.