Monitoring Wind Farms With Performance Curves

Three different operational curves-the power curve, rotor curve, and blade pitch curve-are presented for monitoring a wind farm's performance. A five-year historical data set has been assembled for constructing the reference curves of wind power, rotor speed, and blade pitch angle, with wind speed as an input variable. A multivariate outlier detection approach based on
k
-means clustering and Mahalanobis distance is applied to this data to produce a data set for modeling turbines. Kurtosis and skewness of bivariate data are used as metrics to assess the performance of the wind turbines. Performance monitoring of wind turbines is accomplished with the Hotelling
T
²
control chart.