Shaped crystal growth of langasite-type piezoelectric single crystals and their physical properties

We have grown shape-controlled langasite-type crystals by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. Columnar shaped La
₃
Ta
_0.5
Ga
_5.5
O
₁₄
(LTG), Ca
₃
NbGa
₃
Si
₂
O
₁₄
(CNGS), Ca
₃
TaGa
₃
Si
₂
O
₁₄
(CTGS), Sr
₃
NbGa
₃
Si
₂
O
₁₄
(SNGS), and Sr
₃
TaGa
₃
Si
₂
O
₁₄
(STGS) crystals were grown using a Pt-Rh crucible with a 3-mm-diameter columnar die at the bottom. All grown crystals showed high transparency except for the peripheral area and diameter of approximately 3 mm. The chemical phases at the central parts of the grown crystals were identified as a single phase of langasite-type structure and their lattice parameters were almost the same as those of crystals grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method; however, some impurity phases were observed in the peripheral area. In X-ray rocking curve measurements, the grown crystals indicated equivalent crystallinity to the crystal grown by the Cz method. The piezoelectric constant d
₁₁
of the CNGS crystal was 3.98 pC/N; this value is well correlated with those of previous reports.