Concrete programming paradigm for kinetic typography

The authors present a visual environment for the construction and observation of scripted computational structures. The visual instruction set consists of typographic operators such as color, alignment, and size, enabling the user to create free-form designs of kinetic typography. The environment represents a unique class of computational environments where kinetic typographic design is recursively produced by kinetic typography. The visual nature of the system is inspired by a spatially structured type of poetry known as "concrete poetry", where the arrangement of words takes on form. Hence they refer to the systems as a form of "concrete programming".