Stability analysis of 2π mode operation in the beam-wave interaction process for a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain

The reciprocal of the beam quality factor 1/Q
b
is used to determine the stability of the beam-wave interaction in a multi-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain. The stability of the beam-wave interaction in a three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain was discussed with the CST code calculations for the 2π mode operation. The results show that the stable operation of the 2π mode may be reached in an extended-interaction klystron with the three-gap Hughes-type coupled cavity chain.