Vacuum interrupters with axial field contacts. 3-d finite element simulation and switching experiments

A magnetic field parallel to the current flow in the arc column can improve the breaking capacity of vacuum switches by affecting the arc mode. To calculate the field distribution in the interelectrode space of axial field contacts, a model has been generated by using a finite element program. A segmented coil behind the contact plates creates the magnetic self field. The three-dimensional analysis takes into account all parts of the current path within the contact structure. The generation of eddy currents by the 50 Hz excitation is also considered, as well as means to reduce them. Examples of calculated results with respect to current density distribution, axial magnetic field and phase shift between current and field are given. The simulations are completed by switching experiments with axial field contacts at currents to 45 kA.