Modeling of custom hydro turbine and governor models for real-time simulation

This article develops three different hydro turbine and governor (HTG) models to fulfill adequate modeling requirements for the representation of hydro power generation in the Nordic grid. To validate the performance of the developed models, both off-line and real-time simulation studies on a singlemachine infinite-bus (SMIB) system are carried out. Apart from SMIB system, real-time simulations are also executed for a larger scale power system - the IEEE Reliability Test System 1996 (IEEE RTS 96) in this article to determine the models' dynamic performance in larger and more complex networks. In addition, how to properly transfer an off-line models developed in SimPowerSystems (SPS) for real-time simulation in RT-LAB is addressed; including valuable experiences obtained from these simulation exercises.