An Optimal Total Cross Tied Interconnection for Reducing Mismatch Losses in Photovoltaic Arrays

A mismatch in a photovoltaic array implies differences in the
$I\hbox{–}V$
characteristics of the modules forming the array. This can lead to significant energy losses known as mismatch losses. The mismatch and the resulting losses can be reduced by altering the interconnection of the array. This paper proposes an optimal total cross tied interconnection, based on a thorough mathematical formulation that can significantly reduce mismatch losses. The improvement over existing photovoltaic array interconnections has been demonstrated by extensive simulation results.