Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Trust and risk in e-business and e-commerce applications and trends in the retailing sector in Iran

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles

"Trust and Risk in e-Business and e-Commerce Applications and Trends in the Retailing Sector in Iran"
by M. Safaian, M. Gholami, Z. Rahmani,
in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 6th International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology (ICMIT 2012), 337-342

After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.

This paper is a near duplication of the original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.

Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following article:

"e-Business and e-Commerce Applications and Trends in the Retailing Sector in Zimbabwe"
by Charles Mbohwa and Batanai Sammie
in the Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), pp. 1369-1374


This paper discusses e-commerce adoption trends in the Iranian retail sector. Data were collected using questionnaire and interviews of 170 retailers and 73 customers selected in Tehran. Iran's retail sector lags behind in e-business adoption. Key e-commerce applications were in administration, accounting, management and control systems with barcode-driven systems and debit card swipe technologies being most common. Mismatch between the demand for e-business solutions by customers and the supply of such solutions by retailers and a pronounced digital divide between multiple store and single store retailers in the areas of network technologies were identified. The impact of e-business on business processes and company productivity is positive for multiple store and minimal for single store operators. Internal work organisation, procurement costs of supply goods and quality of product and services impacts are minimal. Scope exists for improved adoption and development of e-business for Iranian retailers through better policies and supportive legislation.