Implementation of CFS-PML for HIE-FDTD Method

In this letter, the complex frequency-shifted perfectly matched layer (CPML) is applied to hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time-domain method (HIE-FDTD). To verify the new formulation, a numerical example is presented. Results show that both HIE-CPML and FDTD-CPML have almost the same reflection error, while their reflection error is smaller than HIE Mur's first-order results. Results for different Courant-Friedrich-Levy numbers (CFLNs) show that even when the CFLN is large, the reflection error is still small. The contour plots show that the maximum reflection error as low as 83 dB is achieved by selecting optimum parameters.