A 2–20-GHz Analog Lag Correlator for Radio Interferometry

We present the design and testing of a 2-20-GHz continuum-band analog lag correlator with 16 frequency channels for astronomical interferometry. The correlator has been designed for future use with a prototype single-baseline interferometer operating at 185-275 GHz. The design uses a broad-band Wilkinson divider tree with integral thin-film resistors implemented on an alumina substrate, and custom-made broad-band InGaP/GaAs Gilbert Cell multipliers. The prototype correlator has been fully bench-tested, together with the necessary readout electronics for acquisition of the output signals. The results of these measurements show that the response of the correlator is well behaved over the band. An investigation of the noise behavior also shows that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is not limited by the correlator performance.