On the use of robot-enhanced learning activities across formal and informal K-12 curricula

Unlike to the traditional viewpoint where robots are usually regarded as engineering education tools only, this paper explores ways of introducing hands-on robotic activities not only in extra-curricular programs but in formal curricula, such as math, science, languages and arts. Based on the analysis of existing robot-related curricula, we try to systemize `robot-enhanced education' and suggest several directions to employ the approach in different subjects. We also suggest how to combine customized software and robotics-based technologies to support various learning activities and to maximize the effectiveness of the contents as tools for understanding.